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<ead xmlns="urn:isbn:1-931666-22-9" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
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    countryencoding="iso3166-1" scriptencoding="iso15924" dateencoding="iso8601">
    <eadid countrycode="US" mainagencycode="US-txauhrh"
      >urn:taro:utexas.hrc.01386<!-- Enter TARO repository code -->.<!-- five-digit number unique for your repository (from 00000 to 99999) --></eadid>

    <!--DO NOT MODIFY ANY OF THE BOILERPLATE TEXT ABOVE THIS LINE-->
    <!-- revised 14 October 2016 -->

    <filedesc>
      <titlestmt>
        <titleproper>Samuel Langhorne Clemens:</titleproper>
        <subtitle>An Inventory of His Literary File Photography Collection at the Harry Ransom
          Center</subtitle>
        <author encodinganalog="245$c">Finding aid created by Elizabeth E. Preston</author>
      </titlestmt>
      <publicationstmt>
        <publisher encodinganalog="260$b">Harry Ransom Center, </publisher>
        <date encodinganalog="260$c" calendar="gregorian" era="ce">2020</date>
      </publicationstmt>
    </filedesc>

    <profiledesc>
      <creation>Finding aid encoded by Elizabeth E. Preston, <date calendar="gregorian" era="ce">25
          March 2020</date>
      </creation>
      <langusage>Finding aid written in <language langcode="eng" scriptcode="Latn">English.</language></langusage>
      <descrules>Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)</descrules>
    </profiledesc>

    <revisiondesc>
      <change>
        <date normal="0000" era="ce" calendar="gregorian"/>
        <item/>
      </change>
    </revisiondesc>

  </eadheader>
  <archdesc level="collection" type="inventory" audience="external">
    <did>
      <head>Collection Summary</head>

      <origination label="Creator:">
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="100">Clemens, Samuel Langhorne,
          1835-1910</persname>

      </origination>

      <unittitle encodinganalog="245$a" label="Title:">Samuel Langhorne Clemens Literary Photography
        Collection</unittitle>

      <unitdate type="inclusive" encodinganalog="245$f" era="ce" calendar="gregorian" label="Dates:"
        normal="1850/1950">circa 1850-1950</unitdate>

      <unitid label="Call Number: " countrycode="US" repositorycode="US-txauhrh" encodinganalog="099">Photography Collection PH-02824</unitid>

      <physdesc label="Extent:" encodinganalog="300$a">
        <extent>42 items</extent>
      </physdesc>

      <repository label="Repository:" encodinganalog="852$a">
        <extref xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:type="simple" xlink:show="new" xlink:actuate="onRequest" xlink:href="http://www.hrc.utexas.edu/">
          <corpname><subarea>Harry Ransom Center, </subarea>The University of Texas at Austin </corpname>
        </extref>
      </repository>

      <abstract label="Abstract:" encodinganalog="520$a">Forty-two photographs of and related to
        author and humorist Samuel Langhorne Clemens (American, 1835-1910), who also wrote under the
        name Mark Twain. The majority of the images are formal and casual portraits of
        Clemens.</abstract>

      <langmaterial label="Language: " encodinganalog="546$a">
        <language langcode="eng" scriptcode="Latn">English</language>
      </langmaterial>
    </did>


    <scopecontent encodinganalog="520">
      <head>Scope and Contents</head>
      <p>The collection consists of 42 photographs of and related to author and humorist Samuel
        Langhorne Clemens (American, 1835-1910), who also wrote under the name Mark Twain. Also
        included are views of places associated with him and two images of his daughter Clara. An
        index at the end of this guide lists photographers whose work is featured in this file.
        Further descriptions of some items may be available in a card catalog in the repository.</p>
      <p>This file forms a part of the Literary File Collection that is comprised of photographs and
        albums withdrawn from the libraries and/or papers of literary figures, and generally include
        portraits and images collected by or of those figures.</p>
    </scopecontent>

    <acqinfo encodinganalog="541">
      <head>Acquisition: </head>
      <p>Internal transfers</p>
    </acqinfo>

    <accessrestrict encodinganalog="506">

      <head>Access:</head>
      <p>Open for research. To make an appointment or to reserve photography materials, please email
          <extref xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
          xlink:href="mailto:photography@hrc.utexas.edu" xlink:show="new" xlink:actuate="onRequest"
          >Visual Materials Reference staff</extref>. Researchers must create an online Research
        Account and agree to the Materials Use Policy before using archival materials. </p>
    </accessrestrict>



    <accessrestrict encodinganalog="506">
      <head>Use Policies:</head>
      <p> Ransom Center collections may contain material with sensitive or confidential information
        that is protected under federal or state right to privacy laws and regulations. Researchers
        are advised that the disclosure of certain information pertaining to identifiable living
        individuals represented in the collections without the consent of those individuals may have
        legal ramifications (e.g., a cause of action under common law for invasion of privacy may
        arise if facts concerning an individual's private life are published that would be deemed
        highly offensive to a reasonable person) for which the Ransom Center and The University of
        Texas at Austin assume no responsibility. </p>
    </accessrestrict>

    <userestrict encodinganalog="540">
      <head>Restrictions on Use:</head>


      <p>Authorization for publication is given on behalf of the University of Texas as the owner of
        the collection and is not intended to include or imply permission of the copyright holder
        which must be obtained by the researcher. For more information please see the Ransom
        Centers' Open Access and Use Policies.</p>
    </userestrict>


    <controlaccess>
      <head>Index Terms</head>

      <controlaccess>
        <head>Subjects</head>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Billings, Josh, 1818-1885.</persname>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Cable, George Washington,
          1844-1925.</persname>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Clemens, Clara.</persname>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Clemens, Samuel Langhorne,
          1835-1910.</persname>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Gabrilowitsch, Ossip, 1878-1936.</persname>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Nasby, Petroleum V., 1833-1888.</persname>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Park, Guy Brasfield, 1872-1946.</persname>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Russell, Walter, 1871-1963.</persname>
        <persname source="lcnaf" encodinganalog="600">Twain, Mark, 1835-1910.</persname>
        <subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Authors.</subject>
        <subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Portraits.</subject>
        <subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Portraits, Group.</subject>
        <subject source="lcsh" encodinganalog="650">Sculpture--Pictorial works.</subject>
      </controlaccess>
      <controlaccess>
        <head>Places</head>
        <geogname source="lcsh" encodinganalog="651">Missouri.</geogname>
      </controlaccess>
      <controlaccess>
        <head>Document Types</head>
        <genreform source="lctgm" encodinganalog="655">Card photographs.</genreform>
        <genreform source="lctgm" encodinganalog="655">Cartes de visite.</genreform>
        <genreform source="lctgm" encodinganalog="655">Photographic postcards.</genreform>
        <genreform source="lctgm" encodinganalog="655">Photographic prints.</genreform>
      </controlaccess>

    </controlaccess>

    <prefercite encodinganalog="524">
      <head>Preferred Citation</head>
      <p>Samuel Langhorne Clemens Literary File Photography Collection (PH-02824). Harry Ransom
        Center, The University of Texas at Austin.</p>
    </prefercite>

    <processinfo encodinganalog="583">
      <head>Processed by: </head>
      <p>Susan McClellan and Mary Foster, 2006</p>
    </processinfo>

    <relatedmaterial encodinganalog="544">
      <head>Related Material</head>
      <p>Additional materials by and about Clemens are located in the Ransom Center's Library, the
        Samuel Langhorne Clemens Art Collection (AR-00041), and the Samuel Clemens Collection
        (MS-00809), from which these materials were likely transferred.</p>
    </relatedmaterial>



    <dsc type="in-depth">
      <head>Items List</head>
      <c01 level="series">
        <did>
          <unittitle> </unittitle>
        </did>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P1</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Photographic postcard portrait of Clemens as a middle-aged man, seated in a
              wicker chair.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P4-P5</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Two variant portraits of Clemens as an older man, seated in a wooden chair, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>1907?</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P6-P7</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Two different carte-de-visite portraits of Clemens as a young man, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>circa 1870s.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P8</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Stereograph portrait of Clemens as a young man (same as
              997:0105:0263).</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P9</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Snapshot of Clemens leaning against the rail of a ship.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P10</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Photographic postcard portrait of Clemens as an older man, in a rocking
              chair, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>circa 1910s.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P11</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Image of a 1935 statue by Walter Russell of Clemens and a boy that represents
              the character Tom Sawyer, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>1935 or later.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P12</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Image of Missouri Governor Guy B. Park and George A. Mahan re-enacting the
              fence white-washing scene from <emph render="italic">The Adventures of Tom
                Sawyer</emph>, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>1935?.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P13</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Color photomechanical postcard of Frederick Hibbard's statue of Tom Sawyer
              and Huckleberry Finn at the foot of Cardiff Hill, </unittitle><unitdate>1926 or later.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P14</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Color photomechanical postcard of Norman Rockwell's illustration of the fence
              white-washing scene from <emph render="italic">The Adventures of Tom Sawyer</emph>, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>1936 or later.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Print Number">
              <emph render="bold">P15</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Color photomechanical postcard of Clemens standing in front of his boyhood
              home in Hannibal, Missouri, during his last visit there, </unittitle>
            <unitdate> 1902.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0001</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Group portrait of six people, including Clemens, his daughter Clara, and her
              husband Ossip Gabrilowitsch on their wedding day, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>6 October 1909.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0002</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Portrait of Clemens as an older man.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0003-0004</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Duplicate photographic postcard portraits of Clemens (3/4 length) in a top
              hat; 957:0070:0003 is signed "Mark Twain".</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0005</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Photographic postcard portrait of Clemens (full length).</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0006</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Snapshot of Clemens with his nephew Sam Moffet (on board a
              ship?).</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0007</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Portrait of Clemens as an older man.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0008</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Copy print of an 1896 photograph of Clemens on a wagon in India.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0009</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Full front image of a bust sculpture (by Walter Russell?) of Clemens on
              exhibit at the Mark Twain Museum, Hannibal, Missouri, </unittitle><unitdate>1935 or later.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0010</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Profile image of a bust sculpture by Walter Russell of Clemens presented to
              the Mark Twain Museum, Hannibal, Missouri, </unittitle><unitdate>1935 or later.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0011</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Portrait of Clara Clemens Gabrilowitsch (Clemens' daughter).</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0012</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>View of the Mark Twain Memorial Lighthouse at the top of Cardiff Hill,
              Hannibal, Missouri.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">957:0070:0013</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>View of Clemens' birthplace in Florida, Missouri.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">980:0111:0001-0002</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Two portraits of Clemens: a professional portrait, and a photograph of seated
              with a cigar and mortar board, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>1911.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">981:0055:0001; 983:0061:0001</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Two different portraits of Clemens as an older man.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">988:0054:0001</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Cabinet card portrait of Clemens as a middle-aged man, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>circa 1880s-1890s.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0260</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Profile image of a bust sculpture by Karl Gerhardt of Clemens, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>1884 or later.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0261</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Portrait of Clemens as an older man, with pipe (sitting up in
              bed?).</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0262</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Image of an unidentified young man in costume (portraying a character from
              one of Clemens' works?).</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0263</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Stereograph portrait of Clemens as a young man (same as P8).</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0264</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Portrait of Clemens as a young man on recto; portrait of William Redmond on
              verso.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0265</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Cabinet card of an unidentified man seated at a small table across from an
              unidentified young woman; painted on negative, printed on image: "Pudd'nhead Wilson," </unittitle>
            <unitdate>late 1890s?</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0266</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Portrait of Clemens as a middle-aged man.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0267</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Cabinet card portrait of Clemens as an older man, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>circa 1880s-1890s.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0268</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Carte-de-visite portrait of Clemens with Josh Billings and Petroleum V.
              Nasby; printed below image: "The American Humorists", </unittitle>
            <unitdate>1869.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0269</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Cabinet card portrait of Clemens as a middle-aged man with George W. Cable, </unittitle>
            <unitdate>1884-1885.</unitdate>
          </did>
        </c02>
        <c02>
          <did>
            <container type="Location">Clemens, S.L., Lit File Box 1</container>
            <unitid label="Accession Number">
              <emph render="bold">997:0105:0270</emph>
            </unitid>
            <unittitle>Image of Ellma Maris(?) possibly portraying a character from <emph
                render="italic">The Tragedy of Pudd'nhead Wilson</emph>; signed presentation on
              image and inscription on mount verso.</unittitle>
          </did>
        </c02>

      </c01>
    </dsc>

    <odd type="index">
      <head>Index of Photographers</head>
      <list>
        <item>Baker, G. M.--997:0105:0268</item>
        <item>Bradley, A. F., 1862-1948--P4-P5</item>
        <item>Ellis &amp; Wallery--980:0111:0002</item>
        <item>Frazer, Jean Tomlinson--P12, 957:0070:0012-0013</item>
        <item>J. Gurney &amp; Son--P6, P8, 997:0105:0263</item>
        <item>Goldsmith, Alfred T.--983:0061:0001</item>
        <item>Marceau (Boston, Mass.)--981:0055:0001</item>
        <item>Newsboy (New York, N.Y.)--997:0105:0265, 0267</item>
        <item>Peter A. Juley &amp; Son--P11, 957:0070:0009-0010</item>
        <item>Pond, James B., photographer--957:0070:0006</item>
        <item>Reed, H. T. (Henry Thomas)--P1</item>
        <item>Sarony, Napoleon, 1821-1896--988:0054:0001; 997:0105:0269-0270</item>
        <item>Sprague, Frank J. (Frank Julian), b. 1857--957:0070:0001</item>
        <item>St. John, Henry, fl. 1880s--997:0105:0262</item>
        <item>Van Aken, E. M. (Elisha M.)--997:0105:0260</item>
        <item>Vander Weyde, William M., 1871?-1929--997:0105:0261</item>
        <item>Warren's Portraits--P7</item>
        <item>Winkler, John, photographer--P13</item>
      </list>
    </odd>
  </archdesc>
</ead>
